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Knowledge aimed at knowing oneself and enlightening oneself. P.61

Knowledge aimed at what to say and how to say it.

Knowledge aimed at improving others' image of oneself. P.61

Knowledge aimed at what to do and how to do it.

In Socrates' time, it was not considered knowledge.

Something like how to break a stone cleanly.

It was not taught systematically, but learned by imitation or practical experience.

Invented in about 50 years from 1700.

"Improving the productivity of workers by giving them knowledge" was the purpose of knowledge.

Knowledge was recognized as a "resource" that could be given to workers.

Workers -> productive workers P.36

After 1700, technology was invented in just 50 years. The word technology itself was symbolic. It was a word that added the suffix "logy," which represents a system, to the secret skill of "techne."

P. F. Drucker. Drucker's Masterpiece Collection 8 Post-Capitalist Society: 8 (Japanese Edition) (Kindle Locations 564-566). Diamond-sha. Kindle Edition.

Mechanical technology:

Watt's steam engine (patented) in 1776, etc.

This created a system that was much more productive than a single worker, "worker + machine."

There was concern that there would be a large gap between capitalists who owned machines and workers who did not (Marx).

If we think of improving tools such as human-powered looms to automatic looms and waterwheels to steam pumps, we can say that the purpose of knowledge is to improve productivity by improving tools.

Tools -> High productivity tools P.38

Management technology:

Scientific management method by Taylor in 1881.

>Applied knowledge to study, analyze, and assemble the work of manual laborers.

Ford system in 1907, etc.

Knowledge aimed at improving productivity by analyzing and improving the work of laborers.

>Education and training dramatically improved productivity.

>A few years after Taylor applied his knowledge to work, the productivity of manual laborers began to increase by 3.5% to 4% per year. This meant that productivity would double in 18 years. Productivity has increased 50 times since Taylor, up to today. P.51

Work -> High productivity work P.43

Meta-management:

Management concept by Drucker around 1950.

The story so far has been "improving the productivity of X by applying knowledge to X."

Substitute the knowledge itself for X to improve productivity.

Knowledge aimed at improving the productivity of knowledge for productivity improvement.

Knowledge -> High productivity knowledge.